It’s Official: Many Orchestras Are Now Charities別懷疑！許多美國管弦樂團 已成「慈善事業」 文／Michael Cooper 譯／王麗娟 There is a stark reality increasingly facing American orchestras: They are now charities, relying more, on average, on philanthropy than on the ticket sales that used to buttress them. While orchestras have always required subsidies — whether from monarchs, the church, governments or patrons — the balance has shifted to the point where they generally get more revenue from donations than from selling tickets, according to a report released Tuesday by the League of American Orchestras, an industry association. The report also found that orchestras had reached a tipping point in how they sell tickets: In 2013, for the first time, ensembles no longer earned a majority of their ticket revenue from the subscription packages they have depended on for decades. 美國管弦樂團正日益面臨一項嚴峻的現實：它們現在已變成慈善樂團，因為平均來說，它們對慈善捐助的依賴程度已高過售票所得，而後者一向是樂團的主要收入來源。 雖然管弦樂團一直都需要補貼，無論它來自君主、教會、政府或金主，根據同業協會「美國管弦樂團聯盟」周二公布的報告，兩者的消長已轉變至通常